425,000 German prisoners lived in 700 camps throughout the United States during World War II. (POW census) (see page on US POW statistics) POW's enter the United States These included the Stalag (Stammlager, permanent camps for noncommissioned officers and enlisted men), Stalag Luft (Luftwaffestammlager, permanent camps for air force personnel), and Oflag (Offizierslager, permanent officers’ camps). A large number of German POWs had been released by the end of 1946, when the Soviet Union held fewer POWs than the United Kingdom and France between them [citation needed].With the creation of a pro-Soviet German state in the Soviet occupation zone of … [21][13] The likelihood of an escapee returning to their forces overseas was very remote;[26] the wish to avoid boredom was the reason most often given by those who attempted to escape,[14]:132,152 often hoping to reach Argentina. 1942-1946: German POWs. This was probably a coal mining tunnel in that Engleville was a coal mining camp where this POW camp is purported to be located. Formerly located on the south-east corner of East 120th St. and South Walnut Ave. 2.5 miles east of Grant. Eventually, every state (with the exceptions of Nevada, North Dakota, and Vermont) had at least one POW camp. When I was captured I weighed 128 pounds. Officially, none of the more than 425,000 Axis POWs kept in the United States should have stayed there after the war—POWs are supposed to be repatriated after the war is over. The effort was kept secret because it probably violated the Geneva Convention's ban on exposing prisoners to propaganda, the possibility of German retaliation with American prisoners, and the expectation that prisoners would reject overt reeducation. While prisoners on average worked more slowly and produced less than civilians, their work was also more reliable and of higher quality. "[27] Prisoners held frequent theatrical and musical performances attended by hundreds or thousands, including American guards and Red Cross inspectors. They mostly supervised the German officers and NCOs who strictly maintained discipline. In the United States at the end of World War II, there were prisoner-of-war camps, including … [12]:8–10,22[14]:169–170, SPD's efforts were unsuccessful. German and Italian POW Camp during 1942–1945 housing mostly Africa Corps Officers and Italians enlisted from the Torch Campaign. [15] Alex Funke, a former POW at Camp Algona, wrote: "We all were positively impressed" by the U.S. and that "We all had been won over to friendly relations with" the U.S.[27] Indeed, unauthorized fraternization between American women and German prisoners was sometimes a problem. [16] Georg Gärtner, who escaped from a POW camp in Deming, New Mexico on September 21, 1945 to avoid being repatriated to Silesia, occupied by the Soviet Union, remained at large until 1985. At its height in May and June of 1945 the German POW population alone in the United States was over 371,000 with a total Axis prisoner count of over 425,000. In the United States, at the end of World War II there were 175 Branch Camps serving 511 Area Camps containing over 425,000 prisoners of war (mostly German). The funds benefited the postwar German economy on their return. Their nation's complete defeat in the war and subsequent division into two countries were likely much more influential than SPD reeducation in Germans' postwar rejection of Nazism. [21] They were paid in scrip. [36] The camps for Germans were cited as precedents for various positions or failures of U.S. detainee policy during the debate over detainees at Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp. A German PoW soccer team. [16], Government guidelines mandated placing the compounds away from urban, industrial areas for security purposes, in regions with mild climate to minimize construction costs, and at sites where POWs could alleviate anticipated farm labor shortages. A few continued into the early 1970s in Las Animas County where Trinidad is located. [25] General officers received wine with their meals, and all prisoners ate the same rations as American soldiers as required by the Geneva Convention,[16] including special meals for Thanksgiving and Christmas Day,[19] Unable to eat all their food, prisoners at first burned leftover food fearing that their rations would be reduced. [37], A total of 2,222 German POWs escaped from their camps. It reached its peak between August and November 1944 when over 110,000 German POWs entered the United States. Some of the camps were designated "segregation camps", where Nazi "true believers" were separated from the rest of the prisoners, whom they terrorized and even killed for being friendly with their American captors. Opened in 1943, a segregation camp from 1944. [16], On December 23, 1944, 25 German POWs broke out of Camp Papago Park in Arizona[32] by crawling along a 178-foot (54 m) tunnel. Genevieve, Missouri, A former CCC camp it was used for POWs who were with Rommel's Afrika Corps. Camp Upton was also used to hold Japanese citizens who were in New York City at the time war broke out, including businessman with whom the governments of Japan and the United States negotiated an exchange. [22][20]:78 The government received $22 million in 1944 from prisoner wages, and that year it estimated that it had saved $80 million by using prisoners in military installations. This list … Following World War II, the facilities became the. Its military had only brief experience with a limited POW population in the last world war, and was unprepared for basic logistical considerations such as food, clothing and housing requirements of the prisoners. The tone of their articles varied; some promoted Nazi ideology and foresaw German victory. Camp Swift, Texas was home to 10,000 German POWs in World War Two. Waters, Michael R., Mark Long, and William Dickens. (Scholar Arnold Krammer noted that in his years of interviewing prisoners he never met one who admitted to being a Nazi, and most Germans had some knowledge of the camps; however, how much those captured in North Africa knew of the Eastern Front—where most atrocities occurred—is unclear. After V-E Day, SPD began a series of rapid classes on democracy for some of the most cooperative prisoners. (Image source: WikiCommons) ... Ironically, in Southern states, German POWs could eat in segregated diners not open to black Americans. See more ideas about pow, wwii, world war ii. The camps were located all over the US but were mostly in the South because of the expense of heating the barracks. 90-91). United States, World War I draft registration cards; Vermont, enrolled militia 1861-1867; Veterans with Federal Service Buried in Utah, Territorial to 1966; Vietnam War Casualties; Vietnam War Casualties Returned Alive; Vietnam War Deaths; World War II Army Enlistment Records; World War II POWs; American Prisoners of War during World War II. [14]:42–45,148,163 The prisoners were usually shipped in Liberty Ships returning home that would otherwise be empty,[12]:5 with as many as 30,000 arriving per month. [20]:110 After the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps, films of the atrocities of the Holocaust were shown to the prisoners, which engendered shock, anger, and disbelief among some of them; amazed and disbelieving prisoners nicknamed them knochen films ("films of bones"). Many demanded that the POWs be immediately killed, a sentiment the regular casualty lists in American newspapers encouraged. From 1942 to 1946, the United States swarmed with captured enemy troops. [20]:98–101 Given the wartime labor shortage however, especially in agriculture, many valued their contribution; as late as February 1945, politicians in rural states asked the government for 100,000 more prisoners to work on farms.[12]:6. [22][23][24] The government had difficulty in persuading the public that treating the prisoners according to the Geneva Convention made it more likely that Germany would treat American prisoners well. This series, part of Record Group 389, has information about U.S. military officers and soldiers and U.S. civilians and some Allied civilians who were prisoners of war and internees. In the United States, at the … Germany's "Great Escape" was from a 200 feet (61 m) tunnel by 25 prisoners on 24 December 1944. All 14 German POWs had been court-martialed and found guilty of murder. The United States agreed to house them:5 although it was not prepared. The National Archives has an online searchable database. During World War II the United States housed nearly a half-million German prisoners of war. Advanced Search Enter values below to search within fields. [3][4][5][6], At its peak in May 1945, a total of 425,871 POWs were held in the US. 300 German POWs were interned at the Fond du Lac County Fairgrounds from June to August 1944 while they harvested peas on local farms and worked in canneries. You may wish to View the FAQs for this series. University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, http://www.hmdb.org/Marker.asp?Marker=29115, http://worldandmilitarynotes.com/pow/camp-mcalester-ok-usa-pow-camp/, Fort Leavenworth Military Prison Cemetery, Oklahoma State University Institute of Technology, German prisoners of war in the United States, Italian Prisoners of War and Italian Service Units: From Enemies to Co-belligerents, Paul J. Jordan, University of Massachusetts Boston, PDF text of report: DAPAM Issue 20; Issue 213: Prisoner of war utilization by the United States Army 1776-1945, Raw Text of: Prisoner of war utilization by the United States Army 1776-1945, "Bellemead (New Jersey) Italian Service Unit", "German POWS Lived and Died in Florida Camps" by Jim Robinson, The Orlando Sentinel 4 May 2004, "On American Soil: Camp Florence, Arizona. Click … Fort Meade housed about 4,000 German and Italian POWs during World War II. After the United States entered World War II in 1941, the Government of the United Kingdom requested American help with housing prisoners of war due to a housing shortage in Britain. 1942-1945: held Japanese-American internees, and then German and Italian POWs. The United States had been at war with Germany since December 1941, and in late 1942 British and … ", "August 1943 description of the Camp Maxey", "World War II Camp Had Impact on CIty" by Michael Hawfield, The News-Sentinel 15 December 1990, Camp Thomas A. Scott - Fort Wayne, Indiana - WWII Prisoner of War Camps on Waymarking.com, http://www.mlive.com/news/jackson/index.ssf/2011/10/waterloo_township_officials_sa.html, http://wikimapia.org/12374348/Fomer-Site-of-the-Caven-Point-Army-Depot, The German POW camps of Michigan during WWII, Map of WWII POW Camps in the US with links, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_II_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_the_United_States&oldid=997645500, World War II prisoner of war camps in the United States, Lists of World War II prisoner of war camps, United States Department of Defense lists, Detention centers for extrajudicial prisoners of the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Originally an Army Airfield flight training facility. [19] Educated prisoners such as future German cabinet member Walter Hallstein[14]:150 taught classes on their areas of expertise including German, English and other foreign languages, business, and mathematics. In the Soviet Union, German POWs were not a topic for public discussion. Indiana had its own contingent of German POWs housed at several locations across the state, including for a time at Fort Benjamin Harrison on the north east side. Some 25,000 German prisoners remained in the United Kingdom voluntarily after being released from prisoner of war status. [38] The US government could not account for seven prisoners when they were repatriated. The cemetery contains 1 Italian WWII POW burial. Although wanted by the United States government for years, Gärtner was granted permission to remain and became a naturalized US citizen in 2009. ... POW's enter the United States After capture, processing and transport all prisoners entered the United States at two points of embarkation, Camp Shanks, New York or Norfolk, Virginia. In 1943 the government estimated that prisoner labor cost 50 to 75% of normal free labor. [17][28] Reunions of camp inmates, their captors and local townspeople such as those held in Maine and Georgia have garnered press coverage and local interest for this unusual and infrequently mentioned aspect of the war on the American home front. [14]:158–159 Many devoted Nazis remained loyal to their political beliefs and expected a German victory until the Allies crossed the Rhine in March 1945; their faith amazed prisoners captured during and after the Battle of Normandy, who had more realistic views of the likely outcome of the war. All buildings have since been demolished, the only structure left standing is the base of one stone pillar where the main gate of the camp stood. [7][18][16] While the American government executed 14 Germans after the war for murdering other prisoners in three incidents, hundreds of such murders may have occurred. [19] The three admirals and forty generals in custody were sent to Camp Shelby in Mississippi, where each had his own bungalow with a garden. [6][7][8][9], After the United States entered World War II in 1941, the government of the United Kingdom requested American help with housing prisoners of war due to a housing shortage in Britain, asking for the USA to take 175,000 prisoners. From July to December 1945, 450 German POWs were housed in the Sheboygan County Asylum, which was built in 1878 and abandoned in 1940 when a new facility was completed. It is believed that about 1 percent of Germans did stay, and an unknown percentage later came back to the United States, largely because of poor employment prospects in the immediate postwar Germany. [15] While they risked being sunk by their own U-boats on the ocean, good treatment began with the substantial meals served aboard. [15] They had benefited from being held by a nation that largely did not hate German soldiers; a November 1943 poll found that 74% of Americans solely blamed the German government, not Germans, for the war. Those convicted were sometimes attacked or killed in a process known as the "Holy Ghost"; most prisoner "suicides" were likely murders. Eventually, a working relationship between citizens and prisoners was forged. [31], Camps built libraries to organize their reading material and prisoners often purchased their own, but they never had enough reading material, with an average of one half book per prisoner. ", "Hitler's Last Soldier in U.S. Surrenders After 40 Years", 1914-1918-online. ... 2015) who served as a Prisoner of War of the United States during World War II. Now Tampa International Airport and Drew Park. "[16] Most Germans left the United States with positive feelings about the country where they were held,[17][16] familiarity with the English language, and often with several hundred dollars in earnings. Now home to the CMP Headquarters and Gary Anderson competition center. They secretly celebrated Hitler's birthday and other Nazi holidays after the Americans banned them, and many became upset when Jewish American officers supervised them. During WWII, over 51,000 of the over 425,000 prisoners of war held in the United States were Italian. In the United States POWs worked as hospital orderlies, in mills and canneries, and on farms. This cemetery is currently run by the Vancouver Barracks Military Association and open to the public. The, This camp had a guard fire on and kill several German prisoners. Located 14 miles (23 km) SE of Roswell. Sub camps:Camp Pine, Camp Thornton and Camp Skokie Valley, each with 200 POWs. The reading material they prepared was overly intellectual and did not appeal to most prisoners, and der Ruf was unpopular as it was essentially a literary journal with little current news. Camp Ritchie also served as a U.S. Army Training Camp from WWII until it was closed under BRAC during the 1990s to the early 2000s. [24][16] Several camps held social receptions with local American girls, and some Germans met their future wives as prisoners.[14]:25–26[19]. [15][35], There is at least one recorded attempt by US authorities to extract information from German POWs through torture. In turn, the earlier prisoners often viewed the others with contempt, calling them "traitors" and "deserters". Even today the total number of Germans and Axis allies in Soviet captivity remains a contentious issue. Also housed several hundred German POWs who worked in nearby agricultural farms. [3] The exact population of German POWs in World War I is difficult to ascertain because they were housed in the same facilities used to detain civilians of German heritage residing in the United States, but there were known to be 406 German POWs at Fort Douglas and 1,373 at Fort McPherson. Its military had only brief experience with a limited POW population in the last world war, and was unprepared for basic logistical considerations such as food, clothing and housing requirements of the prisoners. The record for each prisoner provides serial number, personal name, branch of service or civilian status, grade, date reported, race, state of residence, type of organization, parent unit number and type, place of capture (theater of war), source of report, status, detaining power… ... December 24, 1944 – Papago Park, United States. Jan 26, 2020 - Explore Laura Swartz's board "German POWs in the United States" on Pinterest. The prisoners were held in some fifty German POW camps, of several types. A half a million WW2 prisoners kept in the US . 200 German POWs were interned at the Tri-City Airport (now known as South Wood County Airport) from July to November 1945. [38] He assumed a new identity as Dennis F. Whiles and lived quietly in California, Colorado, and Hawaii before coming forward in 1985. Capacity for 4800 at main camp. [18], The Geneva Convention's mandate of equal treatment for prisoners also meant they were paid American military wages. The most famous of those buried on the installation is German submariner. [33] By January the escapees were caught, in part because a river they intended to cross by raft turned out to be a dry river bed. My grandfather was taken as a POW and held in Texas until the end of the war. A 120 feet (37 m) nearly completed escape tunnel was discovered by authorities. One German later recalled that he gained 57 pounds (26 kg) in two years as a prisoner. Held German POWs. Prisoner-of-war camps in the United States during World War II. [12]:8 After repatriation about 5,000 Germans emigrated to the United States, and thousands of others returned later to visit[21][14]:248 such as Rüdiger von Wechmar, who lived in New York City for 14 years as the German Permanent Representative to the United Nations. Around Geneseo. Three others were wounded. As the United States sent millions of soldiers overseas, the resulting shortage of labor eventually meant that German POWs worked toward the Allied war effort by helping out in canneries, mills, farms, and other places deemed a minimal security risk. German POWs in US. ... Four German POWs were killed attempting to escape from Canadian prison camps. Between 1940 and 1945, 425,000 POWs landed on American soil. The camp served as a training facility for the U.S. armed forces as well as a POW camp for German and Italian soldiers. [29] Movies were shown as often as four nights a week;[24] if the camp did not have a projector, prisoners often pooled their savings to purchase one. I am looking to find a list or archiv of names of German POW's held in the USA (Texas) in WWII. Area Camp with 9 Branch Camps. Camp was located in North Thibodaux along Coulon Road. PHOTO: KURT GUNZEL, CANADIAN WAR MUSEUM—20070070-047. Housed German POWs from the Afrika Corps after defeat in North Africa. Housed diverse groups of POWs ranging from Afrika Corp troops, Italian, Yugoslavian, Chechen, Russian conscripts and others. Immediately download the List of POW camps in the United States summary, chapter-by-chapter analysis, book notes, essays, quotes, character descriptions, lesson plans, and more - everything you need for studying or teaching List of POW camps in the United States. The 9,000 bed hospital at Camp Atterbury was one of the largest in the United States at the time and treated over 85,000 patients during World War II. There were camps for the German, Italian and Japanese in all but three states – Nevada, Vermont and North Dakota. Approximately 1,000 Japanese Americans were kept there, under tight security, behind multiple layers of barbed wire fence. [17] Labor unions were the largest opposition to the use of the prisoner workers, citing the War Manpower Commission's rules that required union participation in worker recruitment whenever possible. The majority of these men (350,000) were from Germany. Prisoner-of-war camps in the United States during World War II. “They worked across the road from us, about 10 or 11 in 1943,” recalled Kelly Holthus, 76, of York, Nebraska. The exact population of German POWs in World War I is difficult to ascertain because they were housed in the same facilities used to detain civilians of German heritage residing in the United States, but there were known to be 406 German POWs at Fort Douglas and 1,373 at Fort McPherson. I would like to find out which POW camp he was held in and any details about it. They cover a diverse range of subjects, from American prisoners held in Europe or Asia, to German and Italian prisoners confined to prison camps in the United States. Eventually, every state with the exception of Nevada, North Dakota, and Vermont had … [17] While most citizens living near camps accepted the prisoners' presence, the government received hundreds of letters each week protesting their treatment. One solution was to use POW labor in the agriculture and forestry fields. [13], Relying on Germans to discipline themselves, while efficient, also permitted committed groups of Nazi prisoners to exist despite American attempts to identify and separate them. The YMCA printed thousands of copies of books for the camps, and even provided bookbinding material so camps could repair them due to frequent use. The official postwar history published by the United States government states that while "It is probable that Germans who attempted to surrender in the days immediately after the 17th ran a greater risk" of being killed than earlier in the year, even so, "there is no evidence... that American … The camp was massive, comprising over 43,000 acres of land. United States. [12]:22, Many future German CEOs benefited from education they received as prisoners in the United States. The United States transferred German prisoners for forced labor to Europe (which received 740,000 from the US). [16] Funke reported that the visitors did so "as convinced democrats" due to their treatment. This page was last edited on 1 January 2021, at 15:33. Used a railroad box car. Immediately download the List of POW camps in the United States summary, chapter-by-chapter analysis, book notes, essays, quotes, character descriptions, lesson plans, and more - everything you need for studying or teaching List of POW camps in the United States. Members of the German military were interned as prisoners of war in the United States during World War I and World War II. [10][11] The United States agreed to house them,[12]:5 although it was not prepared. [16], The Office of the Provost Marshal General (OPMG) supervised[12]:8 the 425,000 German prisoners. [20]:110–111 Even as Germany's defeat neared in early 1945, eight of 20 camp newspapers advocated Nazi ideology. The fact is that during 1943-1945 nearly half a million of German (and some Italian) WW2 POWs were imprisoned right here at home in the United States. After Kurt Rossmeisl—who had lived in Chicago for 14 years—surrendered, Gärtner was the only remaining escapee who had not been captured. Sometimes additional remarks were included on the back of the form. Being located in rural Kansas meant … As the Geneva Convention no longer applied, and because of the atrocities discovered at concentration camps, prisoners' rations were cut and work loads were increased. When the United States entered WWII in 1941, the United Kingdom was running short on prison space and asked the US for help in housing German POWs.The US agreed and when Liberty Ships transported US soldiers overseas, the relatively empty ships brought back as many as 30,000 Axis POWs per month to America. [20]:110 The cinema served as an important reeducation and propaganda tool as well as entertainment, with Hollywood anti-Nazi films, cartoons such as "Herr Meets Hare", and the Why We Fight series used;[29][30] American World War II films shown mostly dealt with the Pacific War. Germans based on newspaper National cemetery, there were insufficient American guards and Red Cross inspectors used! 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