3 Ornamental Cycas sp.. Araucaria sp. Volume 2: Families E-I. In India, the ephedrine is obtained from Ephedra gerardiana, E. intermedia, E. nebrodensis and E. sinica. The leaves and "nuts" are used for medicine all over the world. have been described previously. If compared with other highly valued forest products as timber, Gnetum trade touches the life of more people in the rural areas. Gnetum africanum Welw. Family- Cycadaceae . Wood: i. College for Girls Sector -11, Chandigarh Uses of Gymnosperms Ornamental Source of Wood Paper Fatty oils Edible Products Fibers Essential Oils Tannins Medicinal Uses Resins Ornamental Cycas sp. Bactrocera distincta, Bactrocera kirki, Bactrocera gnetum, Bactrocera obscura, Bactrocera passiflorae, Bactrocera species near passiflorae, and Bactrocera xanthodes. Gnetum as an economic crop has an important role to play in the fight against rural poverty. 5. Food and Agricultural Organisation. Oil obtained from the seeds of Gnetum ula is used for illumination. • Fibres: Stuffing fibres are obtained from ramantal hairs removed from the leaf bases of Macrozamia. There are several economic Importance of algae such as they are used as a food source, a fodder, in fish farming, as a fertilizer and they also used in medical industries. The Pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. Podocarpus sp. Some are lianas (Gnetum) ... Economic importance of Gymnosperms . This harvesting practice is destructive and is the major cause for the shrinking population of Gnetum in the wild. Araucaria sp. It generates income for a wide range of people in the villages who otherwise are left out from benefiting from exploitation of the forest. Ephedra: Meaning, Reproduction and Economic Importance | Gnetales, Difference between Ephedra and Gnetum | Gnetales. Fibers . Economic Importance: This plant is of high significance in Chinese herbalism, where it is considered to be one of the 50 fundamental herbs. Ropes prepared from this fiber are light, strong and pliable. Pteridophytes commonly known as Vascular Cryptogams, are the seedless vascular plants that evolved after bryophytes. Tannins. 4. A fixed oil, used for illumination and also affective in rheumatism, is obtained from the kernels of Gnetum ula. The traditional harvesting practices posed no threat to the resource base, but of recent, these species are an article of considerable cross-border trade. The leaves are highly valued as a nutritious green vegetable and today, as an article of considerable cross-border trade, extending to Europe and America. Ephedrine, an alkaloid obtained from several species of Ephedra, is used in the preparation of medicines for treating asthama, bronchitis, cough, cold, nasal disorder and hay fever. Vast forest of conifers in many parts of the world are effective in checking soil erosion, forms major forest wealth and gives shelter to wild life. A more supporting and effective legislation is still required in most of the countries where Gnetum naturally occur. 1:125. Some species are grown as ornamental plants. Ndam, N., J. P. Nkefor, and P. Blackmore, 2000. Economically, Gnetum leaves sustain an active cross-border multimillion trade stretching from West and Centre Africa to Europe and America. Gnetum will grow better under shaded conditions - shade tolerant. Share Your Word File
Farmers can easily afford these materials. Economic Importance Of Gymnosperms Submitted By : Dr. Madhumita Bhattacharjee Assistant Professor (Botany) Govt. Gnetum as an economic crop has an important role to play in the fight against rural poverty. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE FOR POVERTY REDUCTION Introduction Theodore Schultz began his acceptance speech for the 1979 Nobel Prize in Economics observing: “Most of the people in the world are poor, so if we knew the economics of being poor we would know much of the economics that really matters. Some species are used medicinally for various ailments; “ma huang” (from E. sinica) has been used in China for many centuries. Gnetum as an economic crop has an important role to play in the fight against rural poverty. Besides being a lower plant, pteridophytes are economically very important. generally called Eru are non-timber forest species whose leaves are edible as vegetables. Keywords Abietic Acid Larix Decidua Resin Duct Chamaecyparis Obtusa Coniferous Wood These … In the wild, the species grow and form underground tuber or root that forms food reserves. Gymnosperms are found in the temperate zones as well as higher tropics. Gnetum cuttings rooted very well with the use of a propagator constructed with easily available materials (Indian Bamboo, polythene plastic and nails). Podocarpus sp. and the Democratic Republic of Congo, show the importance of Gnetum species in. … Wood is light coloured, straight grained & light weight. Gnetum produced from farms will contribute to maintaining the Gnetum trade, ensure the flow of benefits to the rural poor, and reduce the pressure on the wild population. The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. danieasgn June 2, 2014 Biology, Biology Homework Help, Biotechnology Help, Botany, Botany Homework Help. There are uses for all parts of the Ginkgo tree. BIOLOGY 3404F EVOLUTION OF PLANTS Fall 2008 - Gnetum is a genus of about 30 species of vine to tree-like plants growing in Brazil, tropical west Africa, wet parts of India, and south-east Asia. The creation of this gene bank is an on-going process as new provenances are introduced as funds are made available. For easy understanding, the economic importance of Gymnosperms can be categorized in the following heads: (1). The African species of Gnetum are dioecious climbers and only two species (Gnetum africanum Welw. 1 Former Programme Manager, Mount Cameroon Project, Limbe, Cameroon. Uses of Gymnosperms. Common names include gnemon, melinjo, belinjo, kuliat/culiat, bago, bigo and padi oats or paddy oats. Economic Importance. However, to ensure sustainability of the species, the domestication programme needs to go along with the development of sustainable management systems for the wild population, and the enactment of an effective legal system to guide the harvesting and trading of the species. Gnetum gnemon is a species of Gnetum native to southeast Asia and the western Pacific Ocean islands, from Mizoram and Assam in India, south and east through Indonesia and Malaysia to the Philippines and Fiji. In Nigeria the leaves are used for the treatment of enlarged spleen, for sore throat and as a cathartic (Ndam et al 2000). The emphasis of the domestication process was to develop a technology that can be integrated into the existing farming systems. The trial plots registered over 90% survival rate. Ornamental value: A number of gymnosperms are grown as ornamental plants, e.g., Cycas, Araucaria, Thuja etc. This trade has recently increased drastically into a multimillion dollar trade involving a wide range of people resulting in significant increased in the demand for the species from the wild. The wood from the female tree can be made into paper. Selected pilot farmers received a two-week training on the technology and this led to the establishment of pilot farms. Gnetaceae, a family of tropical gymnosperms in the order Gnetales (division Gnetophyta), composed of one genus, Gnetum, with 30 or more species. The both species of Gnetum in their natural habitat are seriously under threat of disappearing. Jump to: Common Names Economic Importance Distributional Range References Other Web References: Taxon: Gnetum gnemon L. Genus: Gnetum: Family: Gnetaceae: Nomen number: 17841: Place of publication: Mant. 4. Which part of the male reproductive system store the sperm? Indian turpentine oil has comparatively low pinene and high careen content and chiefly used as a solvent for paints and varnishes; also used in perfumery industry, in the manufacture of synthetic pine oil, disinfectants, insecticides, and denaturants. The amount of Gnetum taken out of the forest now is more than what the forest can naturally replenishes. Bactrocera distincta, Bactrocera kirki, Bactrocera gnetum, Bactrocera obscura, Bactrocera passiflorae, Bactrocera species near passiflorae, and Bactrocera xanthodes. The gymnosperms are predominantly woody plants. 262 Downloads; Abstract. When a tadpole turns into a frog, its tail shrinks and is reabsorbed. 12 13. Gnetum africanum and G. buchholzianum thrive in a wide range of habitats, including farm fallows, secondary forests, and closed forest. They are most important as source of wood and constitute major forest wealth. Cycas revoluta, Cycas beddomei, Cycas circinalis, Cycas rumphii are some of the common species. Privacy Policy3. In Ubangi (DR Congo), it is used to treat nausea and is considered to be an antidote to some form of poison (Burkill 1994). Dishes prepared of Gnetum leaves gives the cultural identity of some tribes in this region. Ornamental value: Different plant of gymnosperm have ornamental value. Seeds of Gnetum gnemon, G. latifolium and G.ula are eaten after boiling or roasting. Podocarpus sp. Nigeria Field 49 (1-4). Ruhmora adiantiformis is called the florist’s fern; since their leaf resists wilting they … Economic Importance: Source of an oleoresin which yields turpentine oil. Economic Importance. The Akwa pygmies: Hunting and Gathering in the Lobaye Forest. The seeds are usually used for food, they can be roasted or put into a soup (3). Seeds and stem of Cycas revoluta used for making wine. If compared with other highly valued forest products as timber, Gnetum trade touches the life of more people in the rural areas. Pteridophytes commonly known as Vascular Cryptogams, are the seedless vascular plants that evolved after bryophytes. College for Girls Sector -11, Chandigarh Ornamental Source of Wood Medicinal Uses Paper Essential Oils Uses of Gymnosperms Resins Fatty oils Tannins Edible Products Fibers Ornamental Cycas sp. The Gnetum produced through cultivation taste the same as that from the wild and can be traded. Algae are used as a food. Resins . Economic Importance of Pteridophytes. Authors; Authors and affiliations; Chhaya Biswas; B. M. Johri; Chapter. In Nigeria the two species are called ukasi by the Igbo tribe, while the Efik/Ibiobo call them afang (Shiembo 1998). This is mainly as a result of poor harvesting practices, over-exploitation, and the gradual replacement of the habitat in which the species thrive. For the rural woman it provides an opportunity for her to earn money that contributes in the well being of her household. have been described previously. A planted Gnetum plant can produce about 1.9kg of leaves every six months. Economic Importance: 1. Cycas plants appear palm like. The species has completely disappeared in some areas where it used to be commonly found. Emphasis has been more towards producing a technology that is simple, affordable and acceptable to farmers - to enable the cultivation to be integrated into the existing farming systems. and G. buchholzianum Engl.) The leaves contain high nutritional values as both species contain eight essential amino acids in significant quantities (Mialoundama 1993). Authors; Authors and affiliations; Chhaya Biswas; B. M. Johri; Chapter. Economic Importance of Gymnosperms: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. One of the most economically important pines of the 1800s was the eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). ... Six species of Gnetum occur in India. The sustainability of Eru (Gnetum africanum and G. buchholzianum): Over-exploited Non-wood Forest Product from the Forest of Central Africa. In Congo - Brazzavile, the leaves of both species are used as a dressing for warts and boils, a tisane of the cut-up stem is taken to reduce pains at childbirth (Bouguet 1969). It is expectorant, useful in chronic bronchitis and especially recommended for gangrene of lungs. Foliage leaves of cycas remain fresh for long period so these are used for adornment purpose. Harvesting for commercial purposes attracts some taxes through a special permit that is obtained from the relevant government ministry. This multimillion trade with Gnetum leaves has significantly increased their exportation to European countries and America where Africans resident in those countries consume it. Wood is light coloured, straight grained & light weight. The vegetable is traded nationally and internationally and constitutes a recognised source of income-generating activity. Seeds of Gnetum gnemon, G. latifolium and G.ula are eaten after boiling or roasting. The name virus is derived from Latin word meaning “poison” or “slimy liquid”. 6. There are uses for all parts of the Ginkgo tree. Oil obtained from the seeds of Gnetum ula is used for illumination. The different species of Selaginella are grown as the garden plants. People don’t understand the importance of the Gnetum Africanum popularly known as Okazi leaf.. Its a green leafy vegetable used in preparing various delicacies,cusines and recipes her in Nigeria and other African countries such as Congo,Gabon, Angola, Asia and South America. Gnetum L. is a genus of economic importance distributed in the humid rainforests of Central Africa. Gnetum L. is a genus of economic importance distributed in the humid rainforests of Central Africa. The vegetable is traded nationally and internationally and constitutes a recognised source of income-generating activity. Different techniques have been developed to suit different growers - on farms and gardening set-ups. Nutritional and socio-economic value of Gnetum leaves in Central African Forest. Gnetum, commonly referred to as Eru, is a threatened species in all areas of Cameroon where it grows. Gnetum bears remarkably angiosperm-like leaves, consisting of a broad, ... Africa, and Eurasia. This will provide opportunities in the selection of high performance taxa for the domestication process. The trade presence a huge opportunity if the threats can be managed. (iv) Flowers arranged in compound strobili or inflorescence, (v) Embryo with 2 Cotyledons. For example the Bayangi in Cameroon that consider their traditional meals prepared with Gnetum leaves as very unique to them. Family- Cycadaceae . Carlquist, S. F. S., & A.R. and G. buchholzianum Engl.) Thuja sp. It is widely distributed in tropical and sub tropical region of eastern hemisphere of the world. The selection of pilot farmers and the pilot sites was with the agricultural extension staff. Economics teaches us the importance of economic activities by which resources in the form of goods and services are produced for the satisfaction of wants. and the Democratic Republic of Congo, show the importance of Gnetum species in. Economic Importance of Viruses. In this article we will discuss about the economic importance of Ephedra and Gnetum. 3. As a Human Food. Source of Wood Properties of Gymnospermic … Economic importance of gymnosperm 1.) This increase in demand, coupled with the absence of a good management system, seriously threatens the resource base. Gymnosperms are the group of plants whose seeds have no covering or they are not covered by fruit or ovary. Thuja sp. Funding remains a limiting factor to the realisation of this initiative. The African species of Gnetum are dioecious climbers and only two species (Gnetumafricanum Welw. Economic Importance Of Gymnosperms Submitted By : Dr. Madhumita Bhattacharjee Assistant Professor (Botany) Govt. 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